Hello Dominik,
thank you. In the end I deciced to get back to PL01 (as it was new installation, I started from scratch) and left DB without patching.
I tried to do some tests on other environment (Windows 2008 R2 with SAP ASE 15.7 SP121), and I even get third type of error, complaining about ASE_Suite.log.
Info: saphostcontrol: Executing LiveDatabaseUpdate
Error: sapdbctrl: readLiveUpdateParamFile: Could not open file 'F:\sybase\AS6\log\ASE_Suite.log'.
Error: saphostcontrol: LiveDatabaseUpdate failed (sapdbctrl exit code = 1)
The file doesn't exist, it doesn't look like permission problem (UAC is also turned off).
It seems that ASE update on Windows is just not working well, let's see if they release some fix.
Regards,